An Introduction to a Resource Repository of Working Papers for Comment
©2026 By Mary Rowe and Timothy Hedeen, with Jennifer Schneider and Hector Escalante
This Resource Repository is a work in progress. It is open to improvements, additions, deletions, critique, revision, and commentary. The resources here are not intended as “publications,” but rather as drafts of working papers. Please think of these as a platform for ombuds brainstorming. All drafts here are meant for discussion by organizational ombuds. If any page here is helpful, or you would like to offer additions or revisions, please let us know. Please contact Mary Rowe or other co-authors, if you can help to improve these pages or have another page to offer. And please forgive occasional overlaps in content from one working paper to another.
The purpose of the Repository is to support identifying—and helping to quantify—the value of an Organizational Ombuds (OO), with operationally useful data that meet International Ombuds Association (IOA) Standards of Practice. We need metrics at a time when:
- keeping confidential data requires foresight and great care,
- many employers and organizational members have little idea about the work of an OO—and welcome metrics and stories with operationally useful information,
- some organizations are looking to AI to perform human services, and, therefore, ombuds would like to highlight services where ombuds excel and AI is limited, and
- many ombuds colleagues have asked us for suggestions about AI and about using AI.
AI was used extensively for several topics in this Resource Repository; pages where AI was used are marked in red. AI itself often notes that “AI responses to queries may be inadequate, incorrect or offensive.” Whatever is here as an idea from AI might change overnight. Please always verify anything from AI.
See if the papers in the Resource Repository help to identify and quantify operationally useful data and help you to communicate how often you deal with various issues each week. Some of the papers here, like the Friday Checklist, are meant to be templates—or ideas to consider—for organizational ombuds to revise or use in ways that fit each practice.
And…finally, a reminder:
All digitized data that are online—theoretically—can be accessed and recorded in transit. (And of course your database also could be subpoenaed even if offline.) While no method is entirely foolproof, two reasonable approaches to collecting, using, and keeping data without endangering the International Ombuds Association (IOA) Standards of Practice are: 1) Keep it “air-gapped”—i.e., entirely offline—and routinely delete or shred it, or 2) collect and use and keep only those data that both illuminate Ombuds value and effectiveness and are IOA Standards of Practice compliant.
RESOURCE REPOSITORY INDEX
Value and Effectiveness Resources for Organizational Ombuds
Working Papers for Comment
I. Introductory Materials
- Introduction to the Resource Repository
- A Working Definition of an Organizational Ombuds
- “Using Operationally Useful Data to Communicate Ombuds Value and Effectiveness”
- How to Collect and Communicate Operationally Useful Data about the Value
of Ombuds Functions & Ombuds Skills
II. Ideas for Two Checklists, in Addition to the Ombuds Database
- Explaining the Idea of a Friday Checklist to Track Ombuds Service (in Addition to a Database), with operationally useful data that meets IOA Standards of Practice
- A Friday Checklist Template
- Rationale for an Additional “Whenever Checklist” to Track Types of Outcomes, Whenever the Ombuds Learns of Them
III. Ideas about Collecting, Assessing, Using, and Communicating Organizational Ombuds (OO) Data Within OO Standards of Practice
- Thinking about Risk (for visitors to the OO office, the organization, and others)
- Most Serious Cases (Section contributed by AI noted in red.)
- Ideas about Vulnerabilities—and Safeguarding Confidentiality and Independence When Collecting and Using Data to Illuminate OO Value (Sections contributed by AI noted in red.)
IV. Additional Resource Lists for Office Databases, OO Checklists, and Paper-and-Pencil Notes
- Issues Brought to an Ombuds Office
- Functions of an Organizational Ombuds
- Examples of Achievements of Organizational Ombuds
- How Did the Ombuds First Hear of a Concern?/How Did the Visitor Learn about the Ombuds Office?
- Getting Information Where It Needs to Go
V. AI and Ombuds Work
- Some Things AI Cannot Do as Well as Ombuds
- Limitations of AI in Ombuds-Adjacent Fields
- Core Principles for the Use of AI Chatbots in Ombuds Work
- Some Considerations When Choosing an AI Provider for an Ombuds Office
- A Modest Outline for an AI Policy for an Ombuds Office—for Brainstorming
Should Each Ombuds Office Have an AI Policy? Additional Possible Resources Related to AI Policy for Ombuds Offices: - MWI AI Policy for Ombuds
MWI, a Boston-based provider of organizational ombuds and other dispute resolution services, has developed this AI policy for its ombuds. (Posted with permission from MWI.) - A Letter from a Very Distinguished Colleague About Ombuds’ Use of AI
- Steen Erik Larsen, “Organizational Ombuds and Artificial Intelligence,” The Independent Voice (International Ombuds Association blog), May 16, 2024.
- European Commission. (2026). AI Act – Shaping Europe’s Digital Future. Retrieved March 8, 2026.
VI. Mediation: An Additional Source of Ombuds Value and Effectiveness (These resources are offered in response to OOs who asked for more ideas specifically about communicating the value of the mediation function in ombuds practice.)
- How the Ombuds Function of Mediation Supports Organizational Systems
- Comparing a Human Mediator with a “Mediationbot” in Discernment
- Ombuds’ Most Serious Mediation Cases
- The Many Forms of Mediation, Beyond One-to-One
- Some Sources of Complexity in Mediation
- Specialized Mediation Skills That Add Value
VII. Research Bibliography about the Value and Effectiveness of Organizational Ombuds
- 2026 Bibliography (includes many contributions from AI)
VIII. Acknowledgments