{"id":872,"date":"2021-10-27T15:59:45","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T15:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/?page_id=872"},"modified":"2026-04-07T22:51:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T22:51:28","slug":"the-organizational-ombuds-role","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/","title":{"rendered":"The Organizational Ombuds\u2019 Role"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-872\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-872-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-872-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-872-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_mit-pf-wysiwyg widget_mit_pf_wysiwyg panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><h2 class=\"widget-title\">Functions, Standards of Practice, and Effectiveness and Value <\/h2><div class=\"textwidget\"><p>This page includes articles, chapters, reports, and working papers that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds. The material is organized into four sections. (A few articles are mentioned in more than one section, and some articles also appear on other pages of this website.) The sections are:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>I.\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"#functions-sop\">The Functions, Standards of Practice, and Professional Values of Organizational Ombuds<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>II.\u00a0 <a href=\"#effectiveness-and-value\">The Effectiveness and Value of Organizational Ombuds<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>III. <a href=\"#some-self-help\">Some Self-Help Materials from an Ombuds Office<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>IV. <a href=\"#examples-ombuds-communication\">Some Examples of Ombuds Communications<\/a> (Articles in the <em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em>)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/research\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Main Research Page<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"functions-sop\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-872-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_mit-pf-wysiwyg widget_mit_pf_wysiwyg\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"textwidget\"><h3>I. The Functions, Standards of Practice, and Professional Values of Organizational Ombuds<\/h3>\n<p>This section contains articles (from 1986 to the present, in reverse chronological order) about the ombuds profession, including: an illustrative ombuds case; communicating about the most serious and high-risk ombuds cases; some early history of the ombuds profession; ombuds training materials; reports of ombudsman surveys; an overview about what organizational ombuds do and do <em>not<\/em> do; and an examination of the importance of organizational ombuds for helping to build community, support the values and mission of the organization, and deal with risks. There also are two Ombudsman Handbooks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The articles discuss:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the professional <em>values<\/em> of an organizational ombuds, including impartiality, fairness, and objectivity in the treatment of people and the consideration of issues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the <em>standards of practice<\/em> of an organizational ombuds: independence, confidentiality, neutrality or impartiality, and informality. (Informality refers to the fact that the ombuds is not authorized to make management decisions; provide redress; keep case records for the employer; accept notice; or speak for the employer. Interaction with the ombuds is voluntary for all constituents.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the <em>functions<\/em> of organizational ombuds: what they do and do not do; their work in comparison to the work of other types of ombudsmen; and their functions in comparison with those of other offices in their organizations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> some tools of the ombuds profession, such as the uses of data and the utility of generic options (which deal with <em>issues<\/em> rather than with <em>individuals)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> some challenges encountered in ombuds work, such as dealing with the fear of violence or dealing with people who \u201cwon\u2019t let go.\"<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">________________<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan-php.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-faculty\/sites\/84\/2025\/05\/14212917\/Rowe-and-MacAllister-The-Unique-Quartet-of-Standards-of-Practice-of-OOs-JIOA-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\"<\/strong>The Unique\u2014and Effective\u2014Quartet of Standards of Practice of Organizational Ombuds: Each Standard is Necessary\u2014and Requires the Other Three Standards.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, and Bruce MacAllister. <i>Journal of the International Ombuds Association <\/i>Vol. 18, Issue 1: 45-54.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan-php.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-faculty\/sites\/84\/2025\/01\/09003129\/Rowe-JIOA-2024-Organizational-Ombuds-Sources-of-Power-and-Influence.pdf\">\"Organizational Ombuds' Sources of Power and Influence.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary. <i>Journal of the International Ombuds Association <\/i>Vol. 16, No 2 (Mary Rowe special issue, 2023-2024).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Most Serious Cases Reported by Organizational Ombuds: Data From Surveys and Interviews.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Some Organizational Ombuds Achievements Reported in the 2024 IOA Survey.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"A Taxonomy of Organizational Ombuds: Descriptors of the Employment of Organizational Ombuds who Practice to IOA Standards of Practice.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"What Do Organizational Ombuds Do? And <em>Not<\/em> Do?\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Poster War: An Ombuds Learns About Sources of Power, Helping People Help Themselves, and the Role of Affinity Groups in Bringing About Change.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary. Working paper. Cambridge, MA: October 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/crq.21384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Becoming an Ombuds at MIT.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary. <em>Conflict Resolution Quarterly<\/em> Vol. 40, Issue 4 (Summer 2023): 497-504.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ombudsassociation.org\/assets\/docs\/JIOA_Articles\/JIOA-2023-F-Special-Edition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cConsider Generic Options When Complainants and Bystanders Are Fearful.\u201d<\/a> Rowe, Mary.\u00a0<i>Journal of the International Ombuds Association <\/i>Vol. 16, No 2 (Mary Rowe special issue, 2023-2024).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.memberclicks.net\/assets\/docs\/JIOA_Articles\/JIOA-2023-F%20DRAFTING_A_LETTER.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201c'Drafting a Letter' for People Dealing with Harassment or Bullying.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary. <i>Journal of the International Ombuds Association <\/i>Vol. 16, No 2 (Mary Rowe special issue, 2023-2024).<\/li>\n<li>\"Bystanders: 'See Something, Say Something' Is Not Enough.\" Rowe, Mary P. <em>Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation Vol. 39, No. 10 (November 2021): 153-165. (Note: This article is an expansion of <a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=8121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Supporting Bystanders: See Something, Say Something is Not Enough.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary. MIT Sloan Working Paper 5897-20. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, January 2020. The article addresses the importance of having an ombuds to help vulnerable people act or come forward.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/UFFYT2YTGZZ9UUPSMVRG?target=10.1111\/nejo.12119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Negotiations Theory and Ombuds Practice.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <em>Negotiation Journal<\/em> 31, No. 4 (October 2015): 419-423. <em>(Note: This article contains notes about people whose interests in negotiation are to injure the other party.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Organizational Ombudsman.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary, and Randy Williams. In <em>Cutting Edge Advances in Resolving Workplace Disputes<\/em>, 97-111.\u00a0New York, NY: The International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution,\u00a02014. <em>(Note: This chapter includes a table <\/em><em>that shows how organizational ombuds complement the roles of other conflict management offices in an organization.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Organizational Ombudsman.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary, and Howard Gadlin. In <em>The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations<\/em>, edited by William K. Roche, Paul Teague, and Alexander J.S. Colvin. Oxford University Press, 2014.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan-php.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-faculty\/sites\/84\/2024\/10\/14212649\/Rowe-and-Bloch-The-Solo-Organizational-Ombudsman-JIOA-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Solo Organizational Ombudsman Practitioner... and Our Need for Colleagues...A Conversation.\u201d<\/a> (PDF) Rowe, Mary, and Brian Bloch. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 5, No. 2 (2012): 18-22.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cInformality, the Fourth Standard of Practice\u201d (PDF)<\/a>. Rowe, Mary. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/em> Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter 2012): 8-17.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Happens to Confidentiality if the Visitor Refuses to Report Unacceptable Behavior?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0(PDF) Rowe, Mary. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/em> Vol. 4, No. 2 (Fall 2011): 40-43.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Ombudsman.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary, and Howard Gadlin. In <em>The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace<\/em>, edited by Nigel J. Young. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Several Purposes of the OO Crystal Ball.\u201d<\/a> (PDF). Rowe, Mary. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/em> Vol. 3, No. 2 (October 2010): 60-65.<em> (Note: This article shows that ombuds can help identify and assess issues new to the organization.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cDealing with\u2014or Reporting\u2014\u2018Unacceptable\u2019 Behavior\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary, Linda Wilcox, and Howard Gadlin. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association <\/em>Vol. 2, No. 1 (Winter 2009):52-64. (<em>Note: This article was written with input from dozens of ombuds, collected over a ten-year period.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cSystems for Dealing with Conflict and Learning from Conflict\u2014Options for Complaint-Handling: An Illustrative Case.\u201d <\/a>Bloch, Brian, David Miller, and Mary Rowe.\u00a0<em>Harvard Negotiation Law Review<\/em> 14 (2009): 239-247.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"An Organizational Ombuds Office in a System for Dealing with Conflict and Learning from Conflict, or \u2018Conflict Management System.'\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <em>Harvard Negotiation Law Review<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 14 (2009): 279-288.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cOrganizational Systems for Dealing with Conflict &amp; Learning from Conflict: Introduction.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary.\u00a0<em>Harvard Negotiation Law Review<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 14 (2009): 233-239.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe Organizational Ombudsman.\u201d Rowe, Mary, and Yoshiko Takahashi. <em>The Japanese\u00a0Journal of Labour Studies<\/em> Vol. 48, No. 1 (January 2006): 46-56.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Organizational Ombuds\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P., and Wilbur Hicks. In <em>Resource Book for Managing Employment Disputes<\/em>. CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution, 2004.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cNotes on Complaint Handling Options for Managers\u201d (PDF)<\/a>. \u00a0Rowe, Mary.<em> (Note: This was compiled for the <\/em><em>MIT Sloan Negotiation and Conflict Management course 15.667 <\/em><em>in 2002.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cDealing with the Fear of Violence: What an Organizational Ombudsman Might Want to Know\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P., and Linda J. Wilcox. The Ombudsman Association, 2000.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Is It Like to Be an Organizational Ombudsperson?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P. <em>Perspectives on Work<\/em> Vol. 1, No. 2 (1997): 60-4.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan-php.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-faculty\/sites\/84\/2025\/04\/13222546\/Rowe-and-Gottehrer-Similarities-and-differences-between-public-and-private-sector-ombudsmen-1997.pdf\">\u201cSimilarities and Differences Between Public and Private Sector Ombudsmen.\u201d<\/a> Rowe, Mary, and Dean M. Gottehrer. March 1997 working paper prepared for the spring meeting of the American Bar Association, Section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice, April 18, 1997, Washington, D.C.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/5J7KFHRBUBXRK2A2I5QY?target=10.1111\/j.1571-9979.1995.tb00051.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cOptions, Functions, and Skills: What an Organizational Ombudsperson Might Want to Know\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P. <em>Negotiation Journal<\/em> Vol. 11, No. 2 (April 1995): 103-114. Also reprinted by The Ombudsman Association, 1995.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cPeople with Delusions or Quasi-Delusions Who \u2018Won't Let Go\u2019\u201d (PDF).<\/a> Rowe, Mary. <em>Journal of the University and College Ombuds Association<\/em>, Occasional Paper, Number 1, Fall 1994.<\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Corporate Ombudsman Handbook<\/a><\/em>, second edition. Hendry, James, Virgil M. Marti, Carole Trocchio, Ann Bensinger, and Mary Rowe, eds. The Ombudsman Association, 1994.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Comment\u201d on \u201cWhat Should I Do with My Problem Employee? A Case Study.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. In Stover, Catherine, ed., <em>Small Business FORUM<\/em>: <em>Journal of the Association of Small Business Development Centers<\/em> Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 1993): 19-22. Also reprinted in\u00a0<em>Problems and Solutions in Small Business\u00a0Management<\/em>, Stover, Catherine, ed. Upstart Publishing, 1995.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25780535\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Corporate Ombudsmen: Functions, Caseloads, Approaches and Outcomes.\"<\/a>\u00a0 Ziegenfuss, James T., Jr., Mary Rowe, and Robert F. Munzenrider. <em>Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 15, No. 3 (Winter 1993): 261-280.<em> (Note: Includes results of a 1989 survey of 55 corporate ombudsmen.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4066\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"An Overview of Client and Internal Ombudsmen.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P. <em>Journal of Health and\u00a0Human Resources Administration<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 15, No. 3 (Winter 1993): 259-260.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/P5K3CZSTKDUYADSQHWEX?target=10.1111\/j.1571-9979.1991.tb00630.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Ombudsman's Role in a Dispute Resolution System.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary P.<em> Negotiation Journal<\/em> Vol. 7, No. 4 (October 1991): 353-361. <em>(Note: This article includes a discussion of whether \u201can ombuds has any power\u201d and early estimates about cost-effectiveness of ombuds.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/SSR35WFBFMV3QEDNRIBM?target=10.1111\/j.1571-9979.1990.tb00577.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cHelping People Help Themselves: An ADR Option for Complaint Handlers.\u201d <\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P. <em>Negotiation Journal<\/em> Vol. 6, No. 3 (July 1990): 239-248. <em>(Note: This article was written for complaint-handlers before current laws, but it includes a review of many points relevant for complainants who are interested in helping themselves, and for complaint-handlers who support them.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25780538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Ombudsman Dilemmas: Confidentiality, Neutrality, Testifying, Record-Keeping.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary P., Mary G. Simon, and Ann Bensinger. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution (SPIDR) 1989, 282-293. SPIDR, 1990. Also reprinted in <em>Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration<\/em> Vol. 15, No. 3 (Winter 1993): 329-340.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=3997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cShould an Ombudsman Testify?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <em>BNA Alternative Dispute Resolution Report<\/em> Vol. 3 (June 1989): 222-223.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Corporate Ombudsmen.\"<\/a>\u00a0 Ziegenfuss, James T., Jr., \u00a0Mary Rowe, Lee Robbins, and Robert Munzenrider. <em>Personnel Journal<\/em>,\u00a0March 1989: 76-79.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4006\">\u201cOmbuds Jobs are Proliferating, and Characterized by Diversity\u201d (PDF)<\/a>. Rowe, Mary. <em>BNA Alternative Dispute Resolution Report<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 2 (May 25, 1988): 198-99.<\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ombudsman Handbook<\/a><\/em>, first (draft) edition. Hendry, James, Mary Rowe, et al., co-editors. Corporate Ombudsman Association, May 1987.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cCorporate Ombudsmen: An Exploratory National Survey of Purposes and Activities.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0 Ziegenfuss, James T., Jr., \u00a0Lee Robbins, and Mary Rowe, for the Fourth Annual Corporate Ombudsman Association Meeting, May 1987.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/U9IRUUT7ASYNP6SHFTPR?target=10.1111\/j.1571-9979.1987.tb00404.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Corporate Ombudsman: An Overview and Analysis.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary<em>. Negotiation Journal<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 3, No. 2 (April 1987): 127-140.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Ombudsman as an Ounce of Prevention.\"<\/a> Roddy, John, and Mary P. Rowe. <em>Industry<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 51, No. 3 (March 1987): 42-44.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alt.3810041005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Growing Phenomenon of the Ombuds.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <em>Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation<\/em> Vol 4. No. 10, (October 1986): 3-6.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=3994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cAre You Hearing Enough Employee Concerns?\u201d (PDF)<\/a> \u00a0Rowe, Mary P., and Michael Baker. <em>Harvard Business Review<\/em> Vol. 62, No. 3 (May-June 1984): 127-136. <em><em>(Note: This article provides an overview of non-union complaint systems in the US.)<\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#top\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Top<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"effectiveness-and-value\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-872-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_mit-pf-wysiwyg widget_mit_pf_wysiwyg\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"textwidget\"><h3>II. The Effectiveness and Value of Organizational Ombuds<\/h3>\n<p>This section contains articles (from 1987 to the present, in reverse chronological order) that cover such topics as discussions of risk management for an organization and all its members; the 2016 Ombudsman Report to the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS Report); a very detailed overview of difficulties encountered in assessing the cost-effectiveness of ombuds services, and\u2014nevertheless\u2014some estimates of the value of ombuds offices.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other subjects include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the importance\u2014for all the members of an organization and the organization\u2019s image and reputation\u2014of having a safe, accessible, fair, and credible professional with whom to discuss any work-related issue and develop options going forward.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the ombuds\u2019 role in reducing risk for all constituents who wish to discuss a concern or a good idea and how this helps the organization manage risk by helping to surface information to leadership.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the role of an ombuds in responsive listening throughout an organization, identifying and assessing new concerns, good ideas, and issues needing attention.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the ombuds\u2019 role in sustaining attention to\u00a0recurring problems\u00a0like racism; discrimination on the basis of gender, identity, or religion; xenophobia; ableism; ageism; myriad forms of abuse and retaliation; unfair processes; and integrity issues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the importance of ombuds office data collection and especially a) collecting benchmark data before an ombuds office starts, and b) data about an ombuds\u2019 most serious cases.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the ombuds\u2019 roles in dispute resolution, including as sounding board, interpreter, go-between, catalyst, bridge-builder, informal fact finder, facilitator, and expert resource (as an \u201cinside outsider\u201d) for the conflict management system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\"><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> the ombuds' role in providing informal and largely invisible coordination for all the units in a conflict management system in the context of constant referrals to and from the office.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">________________<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/operationally-useful-data-about-the-value-and-effectiveness-of-organizational-ombuds\/\"><em>Operationally Useful Data About the Value and Effectiveness of Organizational Ombuds: A Resource Repository of Working Papers for Comment.<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante (with additional contributions from AI). March 2026.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan-php.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-faculty\/sites\/84\/2026\/01\/02220112\/Rowe-Operationally-Useful-Data-and-OO-Value-1-2026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Using Operationally Useful Data to Communicate Ombuds Value and Effectiveness.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary.\u00a0 Working paper, January 2026.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Most Serious Cases Reported by Organizational Ombuds: Data From Surveys and Interviews.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Some Organizational Ombuds Achievements Reported in the 2024 IOA Survey.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, Jennifer Schneider, and Hector Escalante. Working paper, December 2024.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Organizational Ombuds Data: Helping to Understand Ombuds Effectiveness.\"<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. MIT Sloan Working Paper 6464-21. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, August 2021.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7906\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Importance of Bystanders in Threat Assessment and Management.\"<\/a>\u00a0Borum, Randy, and Mary Rowe. Chapter 24 in <em>The International Handbook of Threat Assessment<\/em>, 2<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0ed., edited by J. Reid Meloy and Jens Hoffmann. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. <em>(Note: This article addresses the importance of an ombuds in helping vulnerable people act or come forward in the context of national security.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5586\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"A Framework For Communicating How Organizational Ombuds Help to Manage Risk.\u201d<\/a> Rowe, Mary, Timothy Hedeen, and Jennifer Schneider. Working paper, \u00a92019. (<em>Note: Among other things, this article examines the importance of the International Ombudsman Association Standards of Practice in helping all constituents manage risks.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4272\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"A Reappraisal \u2014 The Nature and Value of Ombudsmen in Federal Agencies, Part 1: Executive Summary.\"<\/a> Houk, Carole S., Mary P. Rowe, Deborah A. Katz, Neil H. Katz, Lauren Marx, and Timothy Hedeen. In <em>Final Report to ACUS for Conference Consideration<\/em>, November 14, 2016.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"A Reappraisal \u2014 The Nature and Value of Ombudsmen in Federal Agencies, Part 2: Research Report.\"<\/a>\u00a0Houk, Carole S., Mary P. Rowe, Deborah A. Katz, Neil H. Katz, Lauren Marx, and Timothy Hedeen. In\u00a0<em>Final Report to ACUS for Conference Consideration<\/em>, November 14, 2016.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cIdentifying and Communicating the Usefulness of Organizational Ombuds, With Ideas about OO Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness\u201d (PDF).<\/a> Rowe, Mary. <em>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/em> 3, No. 1 (Winter 2010): 9-23. <em>(Note: This article reviews many of the methodological problems in assessing the effectiveness of an ombuds office and emphasizes the importance of the \u201cmost serious cases\u201d in demonstrating effectiveness and the importance of benchmarking before an ombuds office opens.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cEffectiveness of Organizational Ombudsmen\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary, and Mary Simon. Chapter IV in\u00a0<em>The Ombudsman Association Handbook<\/em>, 1-22. Hillsborough, NJ: The Ombudsman Association, 2001, update dated April 2002.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=9397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cOptions and Choice for Conflict Resolution in the Workplace.\u201d<\/a> Rowe, Mary P. \u00a0In\u00a0<em>Negotiation Strategies for Mutual Gain: The Basic Seminar of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School<\/em>, edited by Lavinia Hall, 105-119. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1993. <em>(Note: This chapter focuses on the need for providing choices for complainants.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25780535\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Corporate Ombudsmen: Functions, Caseloads, Approaches and Outcomes.\"<\/a> Ziegenfuss, James T., Jr., Mary Rowe, and Robert F. Munzenrider. <em>Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration<\/em> 15, No. 3 (Winter 1993): 261-280.<em> (Note: Includes results of a 1989 survey of 55 corporate ombudsmen.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=4391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Perspectives on Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Ombudsman Programs in Four Fields.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary P., James T. Ziegenfuss, Jr., A. J. Perneski, Gary Hall, and Marshall Lux. <em>Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration<\/em> 15, No. 3 (Winter 1993): 281-312. <em>(Note: These articles include analyses of five types of ombudsman offices.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Cost-Effectiveness of Ombudsman Offices.\"<\/a>\u00a0Perneski, Tony, and Mary Rowe, in <em>Ombudsman\u00a0News <\/em>(newsletter of the Corporate Ombudsman Association), Spring 1990. <em>(Note: This issue contains other articles as well.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=3980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Organizational Response to Assessed Risk: Complaint Channels.\"<\/a> Rowe, Mary P. In the Program Record of the 1988 IEEE Electro\/88 Conference, Boston, MA, May 10-12, 1988.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Corporate Ombudsmen: An Exploratory National Survey of Purposes and Activities.\"<\/a> Ziegenfuss, James T., Lee Robbins, and Mary Rowe, May 1988.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#top\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Top<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"stories\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-872-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_mit-pf-wysiwyg widget_mit_pf_wysiwyg\" data-index=\"3\" ><div class=\"textwidget\"><h3>III. Some Self-Help Materials from an Ombuds Office<\/h3>\n<p>An ombuds office often posts self-help materials, which frequently get a lot of use.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=10523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Negotiating for Jobs and Salaries (and Everything Else): Prepare, Prepare, Prepare\" (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, February 2024. <em>(Note: This is a teaching note.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ombudsassociation.org\/assets\/docs\/JIOA_Articles\/JIOA-2023-E-Special-Edition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Helping Hesitant Bystanders Identify Their Options: A Checklist with Examples and Ideas to Consider.\" (PDF).<\/a> Rowe, Mary.\u00a0<i>Journal of the International Ombudsman Association<\/i> Vol. 16, No. 2 (Mary Rowe special issue, 2023-2024).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=9460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Is the Other Person Competing? Collaborating? Possibly Intending Harm? Ideas to Consider in a Negotiation.\" (PDF).<\/a> Rowe, Mary. MIT Sloan Working Paper 6746-22. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, September 2022.<\/li>\n<li>\"<a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=9390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing Behavior, Letting It Be\u2014Or Maybe Making It Worse: Ideas to Consider \" (PDF).<\/a> Rowe, Mary. MIT Sloan Working Paper 6747-22. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, April 2022.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/share\/ZNBM4RJ4FBTKVP5YQ3ND?target=10.1111\/nejo.12405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"When is a Difficult Person not a Difficult Person? Negotiating Across Worldviews One-on-one<\/a>.\" Rowe, <em>Negotiation Journal <\/em>Vol. 38, No. 3 (2022):523-529.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=7977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cIf You Have Been Harassed or Bullied: Some Ideas to Consider<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents?DocumentID=4594\">.\u201d<\/a> Rowe, Mary. MIT Sloan Working Paper 5388-18. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, September 2021.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?DocumentID=3989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cFind Yourself the Mentoring You Need\u201d (PDF)<\/a>. Rowe, Mary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#top\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Top<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"examples-ombuds-communication\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-872-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_mit-pf-wysiwyg widget_mit_pf_wysiwyg panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"textwidget\"><h3>IV. Some Examples of Ombuds Communications<\/h3>\n<p>One of the roles of the ombuds office involves communicating ideas and information to the larger organization. This section includes examples of such communication, from Mary Rowe\u2019s columns in the <em>MIT Faculty Newsletter.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/fnl\/volume\/302\/williams_rowe.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"A Bit More About Paul and Priscilla Gray.\"<\/a>\u00a0Williams, Clarence, and Mary Rowe. <em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em>, November\/December 2017.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=4081\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Was It Like Working with OCW?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0 Rowe, Mary. <em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em>, September\/October 2004, p. 25. <em>(Note: This article is about putting the MIT Sloan Negotiation and Conflict Management course 15.667 online.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Requests for Personal Work May Pose a Conflict of Interest\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/fnl\/\"><em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em><\/a>, February\/March 2003.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Cumulative Effects of Apparently Small Events\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/fnl\/\"><em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em><\/a>, April\/May 2002.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Harassment at MIT: Think Prevention\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/fnl\/\"><em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em><\/a>, October 1989.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/shared\/ods\/documents\/?PublicationDocumentID=5395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Conflicts of Interest Arising From Personal Relationships\u201d (PDF).<\/a>\u00a0Rowe, Mary. <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/fnl\/\"><em>MIT Faculty Newsletter<\/em><\/a>, September 1997.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#top\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Top<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0 |\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/research\"><span class=\"style13\"><strong>Back to Main Research Page<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Functions, Standards of Practice, and Effectiveness and Value This page includes articles, chapters, reports, and working papers that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds. The material is organized into four sections. (A few articles are mentioned in more than one section, and some articles also appear on other [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-two-column.php","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-872","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.0 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MIT Sloan Faculty: Mary Rowe | Organizational Ombuds&#039; Role<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This page includes publications that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Organizational Ombuds\u2019 Role\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mary Rowe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-07T22:51:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/\",\"name\":\"MIT Sloan Faculty: Mary Rowe | Organizational Ombuds' Role\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-27T15:59:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-07T22:51:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"This page includes publications that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Organizational Ombuds\u2019 Role\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/\",\"name\":\"Mary Rowe\",\"description\":\"MIT Personal Faculty\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/4308d08445bc632334cc2ab22573cadb\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/4308d08445bc632334cc2ab22573cadb\",\"name\":\"mrowe\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70ecd88b4e35a53718a3282324a715c1e140394bf6139319b1e20fd359d214e5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70ecd88b4e35a53718a3282324a715c1e140394bf6139319b1e20fd359d214e5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"mrowe\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"MIT Sloan Faculty: Mary Rowe | Organizational Ombuds' Role","description":"This page includes publications that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Organizational Ombuds\u2019 Role","og_url":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/","og_site_name":"Mary Rowe","article_modified_time":"2026-04-07T22:51:28+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/","url":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/","name":"MIT Sloan Faculty: Mary Rowe | Organizational Ombuds' Role","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-27T15:59:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-07T22:51:28+00:00","description":"This page includes publications that discuss a range of topics related to the role of the organizational ombuds.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/the-organizational-ombuds-role\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Organizational Ombuds\u2019 Role"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/","name":"Mary Rowe","description":"MIT Personal Faculty","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/4308d08445bc632334cc2ab22573cadb"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/4308d08445bc632334cc2ab22573cadb","name":"mrowe","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70ecd88b4e35a53718a3282324a715c1e140394bf6139319b1e20fd359d214e5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70ecd88b4e35a53718a3282324a715c1e140394bf6139319b1e20fd359d214e5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"mrowe"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=872"}],"version-history":[{"count":269,"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1750,"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/872\/revisions\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu\/mrowe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}